一直苦于python蹩脚的IDE，最近寻觅到一个非常优秀的python交互式解释器ipython， 再此总结下实际中常用到的方法：
特别说明下：本人为windows环境，所有命令都是相对windows的
自动补全
使用tab可以直接对已打出的对象或变量进行补全
魔术关键字
魔术关键字以%开头，如果automagic打开了，则不用输入%,否则需要，使用automagic可以切换状态
可以使用%magic参看所有魔术方法
env 显示环境变量
ed或edit 编辑一个文件并执行
ed -x filename 编辑文件不执行
edit 3:10 编辑3:10行的指令并执行
hist 显示历史纪录，可以用-n增加行号
hist 3:10 显示3-10行的历史纪录
bg function 把function函数放到后台执行
pwd 当前目录
pycat filename 语法高亮显示一个文件
macro name 1:10 把1:10行的代码设为name宏
save filename 1:10 把1:10行代码保存到文件中
time statement 计算一段代码执行时间
timeit statement 自动选择重复和循环次数计算一段代码执行时间
run filename 执行一个文件，如果希望防止执行的，需要增加if name == “main“:
autoindent 如果启用，粘贴的时候会自动缩进代码
reset 重置所有变量
Bash命令
cls 清除屏幕
colors
IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python - Quick Reference Card
================================================================
obj?, obj?? : Get help, or more help for object (also works as ?obj, ??obj).
?foo.*abc* : List names in foo containing abc in them.
%magic : Information about IPythons magic % functions.
Magic functions are prefixed by % or %%, and typically take their arguments
without parentheses, quotes or even commas for convenience. Line magics take a
single % and cell magics are prefixed with two %%.
Example magic function calls:
%alias d ls -F : d is now an alias for ls -F
alias d ls -F : Works if alias not a python name
alist = %alias : Get list of aliases to alist
cd /usr/share : Obvious. cd -
%cd?? : See help AND source for magic %cd
%timeit x=10 : time the x=10 statement with high precision.
%%timeit x=2**100
x**100 : time x*100 with a setup of x=2**100; setup code is not
counted. This is an example of a cell magic.
System commands:
!cp a.txt b/ : System command escape, calls os.system()
cp a.txt b/ : after %rehashx, most system commands work without !
cp ${f}.txt $bar : Variable expansion in magics and system commands
files = !ls /usr : Capture sytem command output
files.s, files.l, files.n: "a b c", [a,b,c], a\nb\nc
History:
_i, _ii, _iii : Previous, next previous, next next previous input
_i4, _ih[2:5] : Input history line 4, lines 2-4
exec _i81 : Execute input history line #81 again
%rep 81 : Edit input history line #81
_, __, ___ : previous, next previous, next next previous output
_dh : Directory history
_oh : Output history
%hist : Command history. %hist -g foo search history for foo
Autocall:
f 1,2 : f(1,2) # Off by default, enable with %autocall magic.
/f 1,2 : f(1,2) (forced autoparen)
,f 1 2 : f("1","2")
;f 1 2 : f("1 2")
Remember: TAB completion works in many contexts, not just file names
or python names.
The following magic functions are currently available:
%alias:
Define an alias for a system command.
%alias_magic:
%alias_magic [-l] [-c] name target
%autocall:
Make functions callable without having to type parentheses.
#
%automagic:
Make magic functions callable without having to type the initial %.
#使用%automagic on(off)打开(关闭)automagic，打开后使用魔术方法不需要加%
%autosave:
Set the autosave interval in the notebook (in seconds).
%bookmark:
Manage IPythons bookmark system.
%cd:
#切换目录
Change the current working directory.
%clear:
#清除终端
Clear the terminal.
%cls:
Clear the terminal.
%colors:
Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers.
Currently implemented schemes: NoColor, Linux, LightBG.
Color scheme names are not case-sensitive.
%config:
configure IPython
%connect_info:
Print information for connecting other clients to this kernel
%debug:
%debug [--breakpoint FILE:LINE] [statement [statement ...]]
%dhist:
Print your history of visited directories.
%dirs:
#返回当前目录
Return the current directory stack.
%doctest_mode:
Toggle doctest mode on and off.
%ed:
#打开文本编辑器
Alias for `%edit`.
%edit:
Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
%env:
#罗列环境变量
List environment variables.
%gui:
Enable or disable IPython GUI event loop integration.
%guiref:
Show a basic reference about the GUI Console.
%hist:
Alias for `%history`.
%history:
%history [-n] [-o] [-p] [-t] [-f FILENAME] [-g [PATTERN [PATTERN ...]]]
%install_default_config:
%install_default_config has been deprecated.
%install_ext:
Download and install an extension from a URL, e.g.::
%install_profiles:
%install_profiles has been deprecated.
%killbgscripts:
Kill all BG processes started by %%script and its family.
%less:
Show a file through the pager.
%load:
#载入指定python文件的当前源码
Load code into the current frontend.
%load_ext:
Load an IPython extension by its module name.
%loadpy:
Alias of `%load`
%logoff:
Temporarily stop logging.
%logon:
Restart logging.
%logstart:
Start logging anywhere in a session.
%logstate:
Print the status of the logging system.
%logstop:
Fully stop logging and close log file.
%lsmagic:
List currently available magic functions.
%macro:
Define a macro for future re-execution. It accepts ranges of history,
%magic:
Print information about the magic function system.
%matplotlib:
%matplotlib [gui]
%more:
Show a file through the pager.
%notebook:
%notebook [-e] [-f FORMAT] filename
%page:
Pretty print the object and display it through a pager.
%pastebin:
Upload code to Githubs Gist paste bin, returning the URL.
%pdb:
Control the automatic calling of the pdb interactive debugger.
%pdef:
Print the call signature for any callable object.
%pdoc:
Print the docstring for an object.
%pfile:
Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
%pinfo:
Provide detailed information about an object.
%pinfo2:
Provide extra detailed information about an object.
%popd:
Change to directory popped off the top of the stack.
%pprint:
Toggle pretty printing on/off.
%precision:
Set floating point precision for pretty printing.
%profile:
Print your currently active IPython profile.
%prun:
Run a statement through the python code profiler.
%psearch:
Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
%psource:
Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object.
%pushd:
Place the current dir on stack and change directory.
%pwd:
Return the current working directory path.
%pycat:
Show a syntax-highlighted file through a pager.
%pylab:
%pylab [--no-import-all] [gui]
%qtconsole:
Open a qtconsole connected to this kernel.
%quickref:
Show a quick reference sheet
%recall:
Repeat a command, or get command to input line for editing.
%rehashx:
Update the alias table with all executable files in $PATH.
%reload_ext:
Reload an IPython extension by its module name.
%rep:
Alias for `%recall`.
%rerun:
Re-run previous input
%reset:
Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user, if
%reset_selective:
Resets the namespace by removing names defined by the user.
%run:
Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
%save:
Save a set of lines or a macro to a given filename.
%sc:
Shell capture - run shell command and capture output (DEPRECATED use !).
%store:
Lightweight persistence for python variables.
%sx:
Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand).
%system:
Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand).
%tb:
Print the last traceback with the currently active exception mode.
%time:
#一个python表达式的执行时间
Time execution of a Python statement or expression.
%timeit:
Time execution of a Python statement or expression
%unalias:
Remove an alias
%unload_ext:
Unload an IPython extension by its module name.
%who:
Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
%who_ls:
Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
%whos:
Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
%xdel:
Delete a variable, trying to clear it from anywhere that
%xmode:
Switch modes for the exception handlers.
%%!:
Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand).
%%HTML:
Alias for `%%html`.
%%SVG:
Alias for `%%svg`.
%%bash:
%%bash script magic
%%capture:
%capture [--no-stderr] [--no-stdout] [output]
%%cmd:
%%cmd script magic
%%debug:
%debug [--breakpoint FILE:LINE] [statement [statement ...]]
%%file:
Alias for `%%writefile`.
%%html:
Render the cell as a block of HTML
%%javascript:
Run the cell block of Javascript code
%%latex:
Render the cell as a block of latex
%%perl:
%%perl script magic
%%powershell:
%%powershell script magic
%%prun:
Run a statement through the python code profiler.
%%pypy:
%%pypy script magic
%%python:
%%python script magic
%%python3:
%%python3 script magic
%%ruby:
%%ruby script magic
%%script:
%shebang [--proc PROC] [--bg] [--err ERR] [--out OUT]
%%sh:
%%sh script magic
%%svg:
Render the cell as an SVG literal
%%sx:
Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand).
%%system:
Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand).
%%time:
Time execution of a Python statement or expression.
%%timeit:
Time execution of a Python statement or expression
%%writefile:
%writefile [-a] filename
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使用!做前缀可以执行shell命令，还可以用$来转换python变量，如下
for i in range(10):
s = “dir%s” % i
!mkdir $s
for i in !ls:
print i
特别的，如果普通的shell命令有的话，必须使用
的话，必须使用对原来的进行转义，如果原来是echo
进行转义，如果原来是echoPATH，需要使用shell时候，需要写成!echo $PATH
打印对象属性
使用dir可以将对象属性打印出来，如
import os
dir(os)
